Practically all digital integrated circuits available today have output drivers with rise and fall times < 1 ns, and so signals on the PCB contain frequency components up to and beyond 1GHz. Unless interconnect design, board stackup and layout are designed for these bandwidths, signal integrity will be compromised and electromagnetic radiation (EMI) may be excessive, resulting in poor system performance and failure to meet EMC test limits. Furthermore, with new technologies for serial transmission at multi-Gigabit rates, PCB material characteristics become critical to prevent unacceptable performance degradation.

High-speed digital design must solve analogue circuit problems. High frequency analogue design principles, once confined to RF and microwave circuits, are now necessary. Most digital circuit designers are not familiar with these requirements, either in theory or practice. To produce reliable high-speed PCBs, all involved in their design require training in techniques for design and layout.

Design engineers
-	hardware designers
-	FPGA engineers
-	digital circuit designers
-	EMC engineers
-	IC design engineers
PCB layout designers
-	electrical and mechanical design background
Managers
-	who need to understand that high-speed design expertise is now essential for successful new product design

Analytical Edge offers a range of short, practical training courses designed to meet precise course objectives.